Here you can download MCA previous year question papers of Himachal Pradesh University (HPU).
1st Semester Previous Year Question Papers
2nd Semester Previous Year Question Papers
3rd Semester Previous Year Question Papers
4th Semester Previous Year Question Papers
Year: 2013-2015
- 401- C# (Download)
- 402- .Net Technology (Download)
- 403- Computer Oriented Optimization Methods (Download)
- 404- Internet Technologies & Web Page Designing (Download)
- E05- Distributed Data Base Management System (Download)
5th Semester Previous Year Question Papers
- 501- Data Warehouse & Mining (Download)
- 502- Computer Graphics (Download)
- 503- Fundamentals of Computer Algorithms (Download)
- E01- Artificial Intelligence & Expert Systems (Download)
- E04- Cyber Law (Download)
MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (MCA)
Syllabus (HPU)
MCA – 101 Programming Methodologies Using C
UNIT – I
Programming Tools- Problem analysis, Program constructs
(sequential, decision, loops), Algorithm, Flowchart, Pseudo code, Decision
table, Modular programming, Top Down and Bottom up approaches, Concept of High
Level Languages, Low Level Languages, Assembly Languages, Assembler, Compiler,
Interpreter, Type of errors.
Overview of C- General Structure of C Program, C
compilers, Editing, Compiling & , Running of a C program Data types,
Constants and Variables, Operators and expressions, Storage Classes, Different
types of expressions and their Evaluation, Conditional Expression, Assignment
statement, Enumerated data type, Redefining/ Creating data types, Library
functions, Type casting.
UNIT – II
Input/Output- Unformatted and formatted I/O Functions
(Character and strings I/O, Scanf ( ), Printf ( ))
Control Statements- Decision making using if, if-else,
elseif and switch statements, Looping using for, while and
do-while statements, Transferring Program controlling break and continue
statements, Programming examples to illustrate the use of these control
statements.
Functions- Defining a function, Local variables, return
statement, invoking a Function, specifying and passing arguments to a
function, Functions returning non Integer, External, static, and register
variable, block structure, initialization and recursion.
UNIT – III
Array & strings- Introduction to arrays, Declaring
arrays, Initializing, arrays, Processing arrays, Pointers to arrays, Passing
arrays as arguments to functions, Introduction to strings, Pointers to strings,
Passing strings and Arrays of strings as arguments to a function, Programming
examples to illustrate the use of arrays and strings.
Pointers- Definition, Need of pointers, declaring
Pointers, Accessing Values via Pointers, Pointer arithmetic, Types of pointers,
Programming examples to illustrate the use of pointers.
UNIT – IV
Structures- Declaring a structure type, Declaring
Variables of structure type, Initializing Structures, Accessing Elements of
structures, arrays of structures, nested structures, Pointers to structures
Programming examples to illustrate the use of Structures.
Data files- Definition of data files, different ways of
file processing (standard I/O and system I/O), description of various library
functions for file handling, updating files, Programming examples to illustrate
the use of Data Files.
MCA – 102 Digital Organization
UNIT – I
Data representation, number systems, decimal to binary,
octal and hexadecimal conversion and vice versa, binary coded decimal numbers,
hamming code for error detection, alphanumeric codes, arithmetic operations,
binary addition and subtraction, addition/subtraction of numbers in 1’s and 2’s
complement notation for binary numbers and 9’s and 10’s complement notation for
decimal numbers, binary multiplication and division, BCD arithmetic, floating
point addition and subtraction.
UNIT – II
Fundamentals of semiconductor physics- Energy bands in
solids- pn-junction diode depletion region, forward and reverse bias, diode as
switch; Bipolar Junction Transistor, transistor configurations, bipolar
junction transistor (CE configuration) as switch, Saturated and non-saturated
logic, Integrated Circuits, characteristics of digital logic families-TTL, ECL,
CMOS.
UNIT – III
Logic gates, AND, OR, NOT Gates and their Truth Tables,
NOR, NAND & XOR gates, Boolean algebra, Basic Boolean Law’s, Demorgan’s
theorem, Boolean function and their truth tables, MAP simplification,
Minimization techniques, K-Map, Sum of Product & Product of Sum, Venn
diagram.
UNIT – IV
Combinational & Sequential circuits, Half adder &
Full adder, BCD adder, Full Subtractor, Flip-flops-RS, D, JK, T &
Master-Slave flip-flops, Shift registers, Multiplexer, Encoder, Decoder.
A/D and D/A converters: D/A conversions –
Weighted-Register D/A converter, R-2R ladder D/A converter, A/D
conversions-Counter type method using D/A, dual slope integrator method,
successive approximation method, simultaneous method.
MCA - 103 Introduction To Organizational Structure & Personnel Management
UNIT – I
Organizational structure: Forms of Organizations,
Classical theory of organization: Functional approach, Division of labor, Lines
of authority, Span of control, Authorities and responsibilities, Efficiency of
management, MBO.
UNIT – II
Behavioral theory of Organization: Limitations of formal
organization, Human relations, Group behavior, Committee and group decision
making, Motivation and responsiveness to stimuli.
Decision process approach: Parts of organization system,
Development of corporate strategy, Dynamic of Decision, Roll of system.
Types of models: Mathematical planning models,
Deterministic and probabilistic models.
UNIT – III
Personnel management: Personnel function: Its evolution,
Objectives, Principles, philosophies and policies, duties and responsibilities
of the personnel manager, Position of personnel department in the organization,
Line and staff relationship and the changing concept of personnel management in
India, Challenges of personnel management.
Manpower planning: Its uses and benefits, problems and
limitations, manpower inventory, Manpower forecasting, Job descriptions,
Manpower skills analysis and practice in the Indian industries.
UNIT – IV
Recruitment: Job specification, Selection process,
Psychological testing interviewing techniques, Transfer, Promotions and its
policies, Induction placement and exit into view.
Training and development: Its objectives and policies,
Planning and organizing the training department, Training manager and his job,
On and off the job training, Techniques, Carrier planning, Objective of
Performance, appraisal and its methods, Wage and salary administration, workers
participation in management.
MCA - 104 PC Packages
UNIT – I
Introduction- Characteristics of Computers, Evolution of
Computers, Capabilities and limitations of computers, Block diagram of
Computer, Basic components of a computer system- Input unit, Output unit,
Arithmetic logic Unit, Control unit, central processing unit, Instruction set,
registers, processor speed, type of processors, Memory- main memory
organization, main memory capacity, RAM, ROM, EPROM, PROM, cache memory, PCs
specifications.
DOS commands (internal (DIR, DATE, TIME, CLS, CD, RD, MD,
PATH, TYPE, DEL, ECHO, COPY, REN, PROMPT, VOL, VER), external (ATTRIB, CHKDSK,
DISKCOPY, DISKCOMP, XCOPY, TREE, DELTREE, DOSKEY, FORMAT, FIND, SORT, FDISK,
MORE, SYS)), Concept of files & directories, Wild card characters,
Redirection operators.
UNIT – II
Windows XP, Definition, Benefits, Features & uses of
Windows XP, Control panel, Accessories, Task bar, My computer uses, Recycle
bin.
Common Office 2003 Elements, Introduction to Office 2003,
Customizing the Office Environment, Managing Files in Office, Text Tools,
Drawing and Graphics Tools.
Word Processing, Definition, Benefits, Features &
uses of Word 2003, Menus, Toolbars, Cursor control keys, Short cut keys, Hot
keys, Editing Text, Document Formatting, Reusable formatting with Styles and
Templates, File handling (opening, creating, saving, printing, editing),
Formatting text, Find and replace, Tables and Columns, Advanced Page Layout in
Word, Automating Information with Fields, Managing Long Documents, Spell check,
Thesaurus, File protection, Mail Merge, Labels, and Envelopes, Macros.
UNIT – III
Spreadsheets, Definition, Benefits, Features & Uses
of MS Excel 2003, Menus, Toolbars, Worksheets, Formatting Worksheets and
Restricting Data, Calculating with Formulas and Functions, Ranges, Auto fill,
Data (sort, filter, validation, subtotal), Viewing and Manipulating Data with
charts and PivotTables, Print, Goal seek, Scenario, Macros, Creating Excel
Databases.
UNIT – IV
Presentations, Definition, Benefits, Features & Uses
of PowerPoint, Menus, Toolbars, Creating and Editing Slides, Adding graphics,
Multimedia, and Special Effects to Slides, Insert (picture, slide, text),
Master slide, Views, Animation, Action buttons, Macros, Virus working, feature,
types of viruses, virus detection prevention and cure.
MCA – 105 Effective Communication Skills
UNIT – I
Grammar: Use of punctuation marks, articles,
prepositions, Idioms & phrases and their usage, Phonetics, Spoken English.
Writing Skills: Guide lines for effective writing;
writing styles for application, personal resume, business letter, memo,
Technical Report: Style, arrangements, illustration, main section and
appendices, conclusion, list references, table of contents, synopsis, revision.
UNIT – II
Reading Skills: Model of reading to learn-P.S.O.R.;
Reading, Tactics and strategies; Reading purposes: kinds of purposes and
associated comprehension; Reading for meaning; reading outcomes structure of
meaning technique, Paraphrase, Summary writing.
Listening Skills: Barriers to listening, Effective
listening skills, Feedback Skills. Attending telephone calls, Note taking.
Speaking and Discussion Skills: Components of an
effective talk/presentation, Planning and organizing content for a
talk/presentation, use of visual aids, effective speaking skills, discussion
skills
UNIT – III
Communication Process: Concept and Importance,
Definitions & kinds of communication.
System of Communication: Formal and Informal, Barrier to
effective communication, Grapevine system of Communication.
Principles of Business communication: Planning and
conducting conversations, Interviews and discussion, preparation of oral
statements, effective listening, Electronic communication.
UNIT – IV
Written communication: Guides to effective writing,
correspondence: including letters and job application, Memorandum, office
orders, Reports: Types and preparation, Project Reports.
Non-Verbal Communication: Importance and Type, Cluster
and congruency, Kinetics Vocal Cues. Modern Forms of Communication: Telegram,
Telex, Fax, Tele-conferences, E-Mail.
MCA – 201 Data Structures
UNIT – I
Preliminaries: Concept & notation, common operation
on data structures, algorithm complexity, time-space trade off between
algorithm, physical & logical representation of different data structures.
Arrays: Arrays defined, representing arrays in memory,
Various operation (traversal, insertion, deletion), Multidimensional arrays,
Sequential allocation, Address calculation, Sparse arrays.
Linked List: Definition, type (linear, circular, doubly
linked, inverted), representing linked lists in memory, advantages of using
linked list over arrays, various operations on Linked list (traversal,
insertion, deletion).
UNIT – II
Stacks: Definition & concepts of stack structure,
Implementation of stacks, Operation on stacks (push & pop), Application of
stacks (converting arithmetic expression from infix notation to polish and
their subsequent evaluation, quick sort technique to sort an array, recursion).
Queue: Definition & concept of queues, implementation
of queue, operation on queues (insert & delete), Type of queues (circular
queue, priority queue).
UNIT – III
Trees Structures: Tree, Binary Trees, Tree Traversal
Algorithms (Pre-Order, In-Order, Post-Order), Threaded Trees, Trees in various
Sorting & Searching Algorithms & their Complexity (Heap Sort, Binary
Search Trees).
Graphs: Description of graph structure, Implementing
graphs in memory, Graph traversals (Depth First Searching, Breadth First
Searching, Shortest Paths Problems).
UNIT – IV
Storage Management: Fixed block storage allocation,
First-fit Storage Allocation, Storage Release, Buddy System, Garbage
Collection.
Sorting & Searching: Selection sort, Bubble sort,
Merge sort, Radix sort, Quick sort, Sequential search, Linear search and their
complexity.
File Structure: Structure and Processing of Sequential,
Indexed Sequential and Direct files.
MCA - 202 Computer System Architecture
UNIT – I
Digital components: integrated circuits, decoders,
multiplexers, registers, shift resisters, binary counters, memory unit.
Register transfers & micro-operations: Register
Transfer Language, Register transfer, Bus & memory transfers, Arithmetic
loops, Logic loops, Shift loops, Arithmetic, logic, shift unit.
Basic computer organization & design: Instruction
codes, Computer registers, Computer Instructions, Timing & Control,
Instruction cycle, memory reference instruction, I-O interrupt, Design of basic
computer, Design of accumulator logic.
UNIT – II
Programming the basic computer: Machine language,
Assembly language, Assembler, program loops, programming arithmetic and logic
operations, subroutines, input-output programming.
Micro-programmed Control: Control Memory, Address
sequencing, Design of control unit.
Central Processing Unit: General Register Organization,
Stack organization, Instruction formats (zero, one, two, three), Address
Instructions, Addressing Modes (direct, indirect, Immediate, relative,
indexed), Data transfer & manipulation, Program control, RISC.
UNIT – III
Pipeline and Vector Processing: Parallel Processing,
Pipelining, Arithmetic Pipeline, Instruction Pipeline, RISC Pipeline, Vector
Processing, Array Processors.
Computer Arithmetic: Addition & Subtraction,
Multiplication algorithms, Division Algorithms, Floating point arithmetic
operations, Decimal Arithmetic unit, Decimal Arithmetic operations.
UNIT – IV
IO Organization: Peripheral devices, I/O interfaces,
asynchronous data transfer, Modes of Data transfer, Priority Interrupts, DMA,
I-O processors, Serial Communication.
Memory Organization: Memory Hierarchy, Main Memory,
Associative Memory, Cache Memory, Virtual Memory, Memory management hardware.
Multiprocessors: Characteristics, Interconnection
structures: Time shared, Common bus, Multi-port, Crossbar switch, Multistage,
Inter-processor arbitration, Inter-processor communication &
synchronization, cache coherence.
MCA – 203 Programming in Visual Basic
UNIT – I
Visual Basic Overview: Creating a project in visual basic
the parts of a visual basic project, visual basic programming conventions-variable
scope prefixes, variable prefixes, control prefixes menu and constant prefixes,
best coding practices in visual Basic- program design language, coding to get
the most from visual basic.
Visual Basic Language: Declaring constants, variable
selecting variable types, converting between data types, setting variable
scope, verifying data types declaring arrays and dynamic arrays,
UNIT – II
Declaring subroutines, functions, preserving variable
values between calls to their procedures, Handling strings, operators and
operator precedence, if-else statements, select case, switch ( ) and choose,
Looping. Managing forms in Visual Basic: The parts of a form the part of an MDI
form Adding toolbar, status bar to the forms, working with multiple form
loading, showing and hiding forms, setting the start up form, arrays of forms.
UNIT – III
Coordinating data between MDI child from visual basic
menus, command buttons, check boxes, List boxes and combo boxes, scroll bars
and sliders, picture boxes and Image control. (In depth)
File handling and file control, working with graphics,
working with images, creating Active X controls and documents (In depth)
UNIT – IV
Visual basic and internet- web browsing, Email, HTTP, FTP
and DHTML, creating a web browser, creating a dynamic HTML page, using FTP,
using HTTP, creating DHTML pages, (In depth)
Multimedia, connecting to the windows API and visual C++, Databases using DAO, RDO, ADO, (In depth)
MCA – 204 Discrete Mathematics
UNIT – I
Mathematical Logic: Statements and Notation, Connectives:
negation conjunction, disjunction, statement formulas & truth tables,
logical capabilities of programming languages, conditional &
bi-conditional, well-formed formulas, tautologies, equivalence of formulas,
duality law, tautological implications, formulas with distinct truth tables,
functionally complete set of connectives, other connectives, two state devices
and statement logic; Normal forms: disjunctive normal forms, connective normal
forms, principal disjunctive normal forms, principal conjunctive normal forms,
ordering and uniqueness of normal forms, completely parenthesized infix
notation and polish notation, Theory of inference for the statement calculus;
Validity using truth tables, rules of inference, consistency of premises,
automatic theorem proving; predicate calculus; predicates, statement function,
variables and quantifiers, predicate formulas, free and bound variables,
universe of discourse; Inference theory of the predicate calculus; Valid
formulas and equivalence, some valid formulas over finite universe, special
valid formulas involving quantifiers, theory of inference for the predicate
calculus, formulas involving more than one quantifier.
UNIT – II
Relations and Functions: A relational model for
databases, properties of binary relations, equivalence relations and lattices,
chains and anti-chains
Boolean Algebra: Lattices and algebraic systems,
principle of quality, basic properties of algebraic systems defined by
lattices, distributive and complimented lattices, Boolean lattices and Boolean
algebra, Boolean function and Boolean expressions, switching circuits.
UNIT – III
Trees and Cut-Sets: Trees rooted trees; path lengths in
rooted trees; prefix codes; binary search trees; spanning trees and cut-sets;
Minimum spanning trees.
Discrete Numeric Functions and Generating Functions:
Manipulation of numeric functions, asymptotic behavior of numeric functions,
generating functions, combinatorial problems.
Graphs and Planar Graphs: Basic terminology; Multi-graphs
and weighted graphs; Paths and circuits; Eulerian paths and circuits;
Hamiltonian paths and circuits,
UNIT – IV
Recurrence relations and Recursive algorithms: Recurrence
relations, linear recurrence relation with constant coefficients, homogeneous
solutions, particular solutions, total solutions, solution by method of
generating functions, sorting algorithms
Groups and Rings: Groups, sub-groups, generators and
evaluation of powers, co-sets and Lagranges’ theorem, permutation groups and
Burnsides’ theorem, codes and group codes, isomorphism and automorphism, homomorphism and normal sub-groups, rings, internal
domains, fields, definitions and examples of groups, rings and fields.
MCA – 205 Accounting & Financial Management
UNIT – I
Accounting: Principles, concepts and conventions, double
entry system of accounting, introduction of basic books of accounts (Journal,
Ledger, Cash Book and Subsidiary books), Preparation of trial balance, Bank
Reconciliation statements.
UNIT – II
Final Accounts: Trading, profit and loss accounts and
balance sheet. Accounting errors and their rectification, Role of computer in
accountancy.
UNIT – III
Financial Management: Meaning and role.
Ratio Analysis: meaning, advantages, limitations, type of
ratios and their usefulness.
Fund Flow Statement: meaning of the terms- fund flow and
fund working capital cycle, preparation and interpretation of the fund flow
statement.
UNIT – IV
Costing: Nature, Importance and Basic principles.
Budget and budgetary control: nature and scope,
importance, method of finalization of master budget and functional budgets.
Marginal costing: nature, scope and importance,
break-even analysis, its uses and limitations, construction of break-even
chart, practical application of marginal costing.
Standard costing: Nature and scope, computational and
analysis of variances with reference to material cost, labor cost and overhead
cost, interpretation of the variances.
MCA – 301 Operating System
UNIT – I
Introduction: Definition Of The Operating System, Functions
Of An Operating System, Different Types Of Systems - Simple Batch System,
Multi-Programmed Batched System, Time Sharing System, Personal Computer
Systems, Parallel Systems, Distributed Systems, Real Time Systems, Computer
System Structure- operation, I/O structure, storage structure, hardware
protection, Operating System Services.
UNIT – II
Process Management: Process- Process Concept, Process
Scheduling, Operation On Processes, Cooperating Processes, Threads,
Inter-Process Communication, CPU Scheduling–scheduling criteria, scheduling
algorithms – FCFS, SJF, priority scheduling, round robin scheduling, multilevel
queue scheduling, multilevel feedback queue scheduling, multiple processor
scheduling, real time scheduling.
Process Synchronization: The Critical Section Problem,
Synchronization Hardware, Semaphores, Classical Problems of Synchronization,
Critical Regions.
Deadlocks: Deadlock Characterization, Methods For
Handling Deadlocks, Deadlock Prevention, Deadlock Avoidance, Deadlock
Detection, Recovery From Deadlock.
UNIT – III
Memory Management: Logical & physical address space,
Swapping, Continuous Allocation (single partition, multiple partition),
internal , external fragmentation, Paging, Segmentation, Segmentation With
Paging, Virtual Memory, Demand Paging, Performance Of Demand Paging, Page
Replacement, Page Replacement Algorithms– FIFO, optimal, LRU, LRU approximation
algorithms, counting algorithms Thrashing, Demand Segmentation.
File System Interface: File Concept, Access
Methods–sequential, direct, index, Directory Structure–single-level, two–level,
tree-structured, acyclic-graph, general graph.
UNIT – IV
File System Implementation: File System Structure,
Allocation Methods-contiguous allocation, linked allocation, indexed
allocation, Free Space Management-bit vector, linked list, grouping, counting,
Directory Implementation–linear list, hash table, Efficiency And Performance,
Recovery – consistency checking, backup and restore.
Secondary Storage Structure: Disk Structure, Disk
Scheduling, FCFS, SSTF, SCAN, C-SCAN, Look Scheduling, Selection of A
Scheduling Algorithm, Disk Management-disk formatting, boot block, bad blocks.
Security: problem, authentication–passwords, program
threats, system threats- worms, viruses, threat monitoring, encryption.
MCA – 302 DATA COMMUNICATION & COMPUTER NETWORKS
UNIT – I
Data Communication, Network Components, Protocol &
Standards, Standard Organization, Topologies, Transmission modes, Categories of
Networks, Uses, Applications. The OSI Reference Model: Layered architecture,
Functions of layers, TCP/IP reference model, Comparison of OSI & TCP/IP
models. Internet, frame relay, ATM, Ethernet, Wireless LAN. Physical layer:
Theoretical basis for data communications-Fourier analysis, bandwidth limited
signals, maximum data rate of a channel, Guided and wireless transmission
media, Communication satellites, Public switched telephone networks, mobile
telephone system, Cable television.
UNIT – II
Data Link and Mac Layer: Design issues, Framing
techniques, Flow control, Error Control, Error Detecting code and Error
Correcting codes, Data link Control and Protocols-- For noiseless Channel –
Simplest Protocol, Stop-and-Wait Protocol, For Noisy Channel-- Stop-and-Wait
ARQ, Go-Back-N ARQ, and Selective-Repeat ARQ Protocol, HDLC Protocol, and PPP
Protocol, Multiple Access-- Random Access-- MA, CSMA, CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA,
Controlled Access—Reservation, Polling, Token passing, Channelization-- FDMA,
TDMA, CDMA, and IEEE standards-- 802.3 (Ethernet), 802.4 (Token Bus), 802.5
(Token Ring), 802.11(Wireless LAN), 802.15 (Bluetooth).
UNIT – III
Network and transport Layer: Network layer design issues,
Addressing, Routing algorithms-shortest path routing, flooding, distance vector
routing, link state routing, hierarchical routing, broadcast routing, multicast
routing, routing for mobile hosts, Congestion Control algorithms – congestion
prevention policies, congestion control in virtual circuit & datagram
sub-networks, definition of quality of service, Internetworking – Tunneling,
internet-work routing, fragmentation, Network layer in Internet –IP protocol,
IP Address, OSPF, BGP, Internet multicasting, Mobile IP, Ipv6,Transport Layer:
Concept of transport service, elements of transport protocols, A simple
transport protocol, Remote procedure call, Performance issues in computer
networks.
UNIT – IV
Application layer services protocols & Network
Security: DNS, SMTP, FTP, TELNET, HTTP,WWW, Attacks on Computers & Computer
security-- Need for security, approaches, principles, types of attacks,
Cryptography concept and techniques, Symmetric Key algorithms-- (DES),
Asymmetric key algorithms-- RSA, Digital signature , Firewalls. Internet radio,
VoIP, E-mail security, Web security, social issues in network security,
MCA – 303 Data Base Management System
UNIT – I
Basic Concepts, Data Modeling for a Database, Records and
Files, Abstraction and Data Integration, The Three-Level Architecture Proposal
for DBMS, Components of a DBMS, Advantages and Disadvantages of a DBMS.
Data Models, Data Associations, Data Models
Classification, Entity Relationship Model, Relational Data Model, Network Data
Model, Hierarchical Model.
File Organization, Serial Files, Sequential Files,
Index-Sequential Files, Direct File, Secondary Key Retrieval, Indexing Using
Tree Structures.
UNIT – II
The Relational Model, Relational Database, Relational
Algebra, Relational Calculus.
Relational Database Manipulation, SQL, Data Manipulation,
Basic Data Retrieval, Condition Specification, Arithmetic and Aggregate
Operators, SQL Join: Multiple Tables Queries, Set Manipulation, Categorization,
Updates, Views: SQL, QUEL, Data Definition, Data Manipulation; QUEL, Condition
Specification, Renaming, Arithmetic Operators, Multiple Variable Queries,
Aggregation Operators in QUEL, Retrieve into Temporary Relation, Updates,
Views.
UNIT – III
Relational Database Design, Relational Scheme and
Relational Design, Anomalies in a Database: A Consequence of Bad Design,
Universal Relation, Functional Dependency, Relational Database Design.
The Network Model, The Network Data Model, DBTG Set
Construct and Restrictions, Expressing an M: N Relationship in DBTG, Cycles in
DBTG, Data Description in the Network Model, Schema and Sub schema, DBTG Data
Manipulation Facility.
The Hierarchical Data Model, The tree Concept,
Hierarchical Data Model, Data Definition, Data Manipulation, Updates,
Implementation of the Hierarchical Database.
UNIT – IV
Concurrency Management, Serializability, Concurrency
Control, Locking Scheme, Timestamp-Based Order, Optimistic Scheduling,
Multiversion Techniques, Deadlock and Its Resolution.
Database Security, Integrity, and Control, Security and
Integrity, Threats, Defense Mechanisms, Integrity .
MCA – 304 Software Engineering
UNIT – I
Evolving Role of Software, Software Engineering, Changing
nature of Software, Software Myths, Terminologies, Role of management in
software development
Software Process and desired Characteristics, Software
Life Cycle Models: Build & Fix Model, Water Fall Model, Incremental Process
Model, Evolutionary Process Models, Unified Process, Comparison of Models,
Other Software Processes, Selection of a Model
Software Requirements Analysis & Specifications:
Requirements Engineering, Types of Requirements, Feasibility Studies,
Requirements Elicitation, Requirements - Analysis Documentation, Validation and
Management
UNIT – II
Software Architecture: Its Role, Views, Component &
Connector View and its architecture style, Architecture Vs Design, Deployment
View & Performance Analysis, Documentation, Evaluation
Software Project Planning: Size estimation, Cost
Estimation, COCOMO, COCOMO – II, Software Risk Management
UNIT – III
Function Oriented Design: Design principles, Module level
Concepts, Notation & Specification, Structured Design Methodology,
Verification
Object-Oriented Design: OO Analysis & Design, OO
Concepts, Design Concepts, UML – Class Diagram, Sequence & Collaboration
Diagram, Other diagrams & Capabilities, Design Methodology – Dynamic and
Functional Modeling, Internal Classes & Operations
Detailed Design: PDL, Logic/Algorithm Design, State
Modeling of Classes, Verification – Design Walkthroughs, Critical Design
Review, Consistency Checkers
UNIT – IV
Coding: Programming Principles & Guidelines, Coding
Process, Refactoring, Verification
Software Metrics: What & Why, Token Count, Data
Structure Metrics, Information Flow Metrics, Object-Oriented Metrics, Use Case
Oriented Metrics, Web Engineering Project Metrics, Metric Analysis
Software Maintenance & Certification: Maintenance,
Maintenance Process and Models, Estimation of Maintenance Costs, Regression
Testing, Reverse Engineering, Software Re-engineering, Configuration
Management, Documentation, Requirements of Certification, Types
MCA – 305 Object Oriented Programming with JAVA
UNIT – I
Introduction To Object Oriented Programming: Data
Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance (Public, Protected And Private),
Polymorphism, Information Hiding.
Java Elements: Data Types, Literal and Variables,
Operators–Arithmetic, Bit-wise, Relational, Boolean Logical, Assignment, The
‘?’ Operator, Operator Precedence, Control Statements–Selection (if, switch),
Iteration Statements (while, do-while, for) Jump Statements (break, continue,
return), Arrays (One-dimensional, Multi-Dimensional).
UNIT – II
Introducing Classes: Class Fundamentals, Declaring
Objects, Methods, Constructors, ‘This’
Keyword, Over loading Methods.
Inheritance: Inheritance Basics, Protected Members,
Method Overriding, Multiple Inheritance, Template Classes and Functions.
Exception Handling: Fundamental, Exception Types,
Uncaught Exceptions, Try And Catch, Dealing With Exceptions (try, throw,
throws, finally).
UNIT – III
Java Applets: Applet Basics, The Applet Class, Applet
Architecture, An Applet Skeleton, Applet Display Methods, Handling Events.
Advanced Java Programming: Multithreading–Java Thread
Model, The Main Thread, Creating a Thread, Creating Multiple Threads, Thread
Priorities, Synchronization, Inter-thread Communication, Multithreading.
UNIT – IV
Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT): Introduction, AWT classes,
Window fundamentals, Working with frame windows, Creating frame window in an
applet, Working with graphics, Working with colours, Working with fonts,
Managing text output using FontMetrics.
AWT Controls: Introduction, Adding & removing
Controls, Responding to controls, The HeadlessException, Labels, Buttons,
Checkboxes, Choice Controls, Lists, Scroll Bar, TextField, TextArea, Layout
Managers, Menu Bars And Menus, Dialog Boxes, FileDialog, Event handling by
extending AWT Components.
MCA – 401 Programming Using C#
UNIT – I
Introducing C# Understanding .NET: The C# Environment
Overview of C# Literals, Variables and Data Types Operators and Expressions
UNIT – II
Decision Making and Branching Decision Making and Looping
Methods in C# Handling Arrays Manipulating Strings Structures and Enumerations
UNIT – III
Classes and Objects Inheritance and Polymorphism
Interfaces: Multiple Inheritance Operator Overloading Delegates and Events
UNIT – IV
Managing Console I/O Operations Managing Errors and
Exceptions Multithreading in C# Windows and Web-based Application Development
on .NET
MCA – 402 Dot Net Technologies
UNIT – I
Introducing .NET: Microsoft web development, Move from
workstation to distributed computing, Internet factor, importance of.net
platform- OS neutral environment, device independence, wide language support,
internet based component services.
.NET framework: Common language runtime(CLR), code
management and execution, security support, error handling and garbage
collection,.net framework class libraries-System classes, data and XML classes,
windows form and drawing classes, web classes.
Features of .NET framework: ASP.NET web forms and web
services- Web page authoring & server controls, ASP.NET infrastructure.
UNIT – II
VB.NET : Introduction, statement, lines, comments,
operators, procedures, variables- implicit, explicit, constants, parameters,
arrays, branching, looping, objects, classes, inheritance, accessibility of
inherited properties and methods, overriding methods.
System class, working with numbers, manipulating strings,
DateTime arithmetic, converting values, formatting values, managing arrays.
Namespace and assemblies, Relating namespaces and DLL
assemblies, creating assemblies, importing assemblies, using imported
assemblies, compiling with imported namespace.
UNIT – III
ASP.NET Web Forms: Web forms code model, In-page vs.
Code-behind format, web form object life cycle, handling client side events on
the server, web form event handling, define and respond web form control
events, AutoPostBack property, automatic state management with web forms.
HTML sever control: definition, RunAt sever attribute,
HTML control class, General controls-Anchor, image, form, division, span, Table
control, Input Control.
Web server Control: Web Control class, General control-
Hyperlink, link button, image, label, Panel, Form Controls, Table controls.
UNIT – IV
Web form List Control: Simple List controls, Template
List controls.
Validation Controls: Definition, properties and methods
of validation controls, validation controls - RequiredFieldValidator,
CompareValidator, RangeValidator, RegularExpressionValidator, CustomValidator,
ValidationSummary.
User Controls: Definition, Markup-Only User Control,
Custom properties, handling events and loading user controls dynamically.
MCA – 403 Computer Oriented Optimization Methods
UNIT – I
Introduction to O.R. – Definition, Uses and Limitations
of Optimization method.The Linear Programming Problem: Introduction,
Formulation Of LPP, Graphical Solution And Some Exceptional Cases, Canonical
And Standard Form Of LPP.
The Simplex Method: Solution of LPP By Simplex Method,
Exceptional Cases, Artificial Variable Techniques (Big M), Two Phase Of Simplex
Method, Problem of Degeneracy.
UNIT – II
The Dual Simplex Method: Dual And Primal Problem, Duality
And Simplex Method, dual simplex method,Revised Simplex Method, Solution Of LPP
Using Revised Simplex Method. Networking Scheduling By PERT/CPM: Introduction,
Basic Concepts, Constraints In Network, Construction Of The Network, Time
Calculation In Networks, Critical Path Method (CPM), PERT, PERT Calculation,
Advantage Of Network (PERT/CPM).
UNIT – III
The Transportation Problem: Introduction, Basic
Feasibility Solution, Standard Transportation Problem, Balanced Transportation
Problem, Multicommodity Transportation Problem, Row Minimum, Column Minimum,
Matrix Minimum Method, Vogel Approximation Method (VAM), Optimality In
Transportation Problem,(stepping stone and modified distribution methods) Degeneracy
In Transportation Problem, Assignment And Routing Problem.
UNIT – IV
Game theory: Significance, essential features and
limitations; Maximax and minimax principle, Game with pure & mined
strategies, sul-game method (caseof 2xn or mx2 methods), Probability method,
graphic method, algebraic method
Inventory Control: Introduction, Inventory Control,
Selective Control Techniques, ABC Analysis Procedure, Economics Lot Size
Problems, Problem of EQQ With shortage, Inventory Control Techniques Uncertain
Demand, Stochastic Problems.
MCA – 404 Internet Technologies & Web Page Designing
Unit – I
Introduction: Internet, World Wide Web, Web Browser, Web
Server, Uniform Resource Locator, Multipurpose internet mail extension,
Hypertext Transfer Protocol, Security.
XHTML: History of HTML & XHTML, XHTML- Syntax,
Document structure, Text mark-up, Images, Hypertext links, Lists, Tables,
Forms, Frames.
Cascading Style Sheets: Introduction, Levels of style
sheets, Style specification format, Selector, Forms, Property value form, Font
properties, List properties, Colour, Alignment, Box model, Background Images,
<span> & <div> tags.
Unit – II
JavaScript: Introduction, Object orientation and
JavaScript, Syntactic features, Primitives, Operations & Expressions,
Output & Input, Control statements, Object creation and modification,
Arrays, Functions, Constructors, Pattern matching using regular expressions.
JavaScript execution environment, Document Object Model,
Element access in JavaScript, Event, Event handling- Body elements, Button
elements, Textbox, Password elements. DOM2 event model.
Dynamic documents- Positioning elements, Moving elements,
Element visibility, Changing colours & fonts, Dynamic content, Stacking
elements, Locating the mouse cursor, Reacting to a mouse click, Dragging &
doping elements.
Unit – III
XML: Introduction, Syntax, Document structure, Document
type definition, Namespaces, XML schemas, Displaying raw XML documents,
Displaying XML documents with CSS, XSLT style sheets, XML processor.
Perl: History, Applications, Scalars, Assignment
statement, Control statements, Arrays, Hashes, References, Functions, Pattern
matching, File input & output.
Using Perl for CGI programming: Common Gateway Interface,
Linkage, Query string format, CGI.pm module, Cookies.
Unit – IV
Servlets & Java Server Pages: Introduction, Servlet
details, Storing information on clients, Java Server Pages.
PHP: History, Applications, Syntactic features,
Primitives, Operations & Expressions, Output, Control statements, Arrays,
Functions, Pattern matching, Form handling, Files, Cookies.
MCA – 501 Data Warehousing and Data Mining
UNIT – I
Introduction: DSS, Data warehouse Architecture, Data
Staging & ETL, Multidimensional Model, Meta data, Accessing data warehouse,
ROLAP, MOLAP, HOLAP
System Lifecycle: Risk factors, Top-down, Bottom-up, Data
mart design phases, Methodological framework, Testing data marts
Data Sources: Inspecting and normalizing schemata,
Integration problems, Integration phases, Mapping
User Requirements & Conceptual Modeling: Glossary
based requirements analysis, Goal-oriented requirements analysis, Dimensional
Fact Model, Advanced modeling, Events and Aggregation, Time, Formalizing the
dimensional fact model
Conceptual Design: ER schema based design, Relational
schema based design, XML schema based design, Mixed approach design
UNIT – II
Logical Modeling & Design: MOLAP, HOLAP & ROLAP
systems, Views, Temporal scenarios, Fact schemata to star schemata, View
materialization, View Fragmentation, Populating - reconciled databases,
dimension tables, fact tables & materialized views, Cleansing data
Data Warehouse Components: Overall architecture,
database, Sourcing, acquisition, cleanup and transformation tools, Metadata,
Access tools, Administration and management, Info delivery System
Building a Data Warehouse: Considerations - business,
design, technical & implementation, Integrated solutions, Benefits
UNIT – III
Mapping Data Warehouse to a Multiprocessor Architecture:
Relational database technology, Database architectures for parallel processing,
Parallel RDBMS features and vendors
DBMS Schemas & Decision Support: Data layout for best
access, Multidimensional data models, Star schema
Data Tools and Metadata: Tool requirements, Vendor
approaches, Access to legacy data, Transformation engines, Metadata -
definition, interchange initiative, repository, trends, Reporting & Query
Tools – categories
OLAP: Need, Multidimensional data model, guidelines,
Multidimensional Vs multirelational OLAP, Categorization of OLAP tools
UNIT – IV
Introduction: Data mining, Measuring effectiveness,
Discovery Vs prediction, Overfitting, Comparing the technologies, Decision
trees, Where to use them, General idea, How do they work, Strengths and
weaknesses
Techniques and Algorithms: Neural networks - uses, making
predictions, different kinds, Kohonen feature map, their working, Nearest
Neighbour & Clustering – uses, predictions and differences, their working,
Genetic Algorithms – uses, cost minimization, cooperative strategies, their
working,
Rule Induction – uses, evaluation of rules, rules Vs
decision trees, their working, Using the right technique, Data mining &
business process
MCA – 502 Computer Graphics
UNIT – I
Introduction: Definition Of Computer Graphics And Its
Applications, Video Display Devices- Raster-Scan Displays, Random-Scan
Displays, Color CRT Monitors, Direct View Storage Tubes, Flat Panel Displays
Input Devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Trackball and Spaceball, Joysticks, Digitizers,
Image Scanners, Touch Panels, Light Pens, Voice Systems.
UNIT – II
Output Primitives: Line Drawing Algorithms (DDA,
Bresenhaum’s Circle) Generating Algorithm: Midpoint Circle Drawing Algorithm,
Ellipse Generating Algorithm, Midpoint Ellipse Generating Algorithm, Character
Generation, 2D Transformations: Translation, Rotation, Scaling, Reflection,
Shear, Composite Transformation-Translation, Rotations, Scaling.
UNIT – III
Two Dimensional Viewing: Window-To-Viewport Coordinate
Transformation, Clipping Operations, Point Clipping, Line
Clipping–(Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping, Liang-Barsky Line Clipping,
Nicholl-Lee-Nicholl Line Clipping), Polygon Clipping–(Sutherland-Hodgeman
Polygon Clipping, Weiler-Atherton Polygon Clipping), Curve Clipping, Text
Clipping.
Three Dimensional Concepts: Three Dimensional Display
Methods–Parallel Projection, Perspective Projection, Surface Rendering.
Three Dimensional Transformations: Translation, Rotation,
Scaling, Reflection, Shear.
UNIT – IV
Curves and Surfaces: Bezier Curves, B-Spline Curves,
Fractal Geometory Methods, Octrees.
Visible-Surface Detection Methods: Back Face Detection,
Depth Buffer Method, A-Buffer Method, Scan Line Method, Depth Sorting Method.
Concept of Shading: Modeling Light Intensity, Diffuse And
Specular Reflection, Refracted Light, Concept Of Shading Methods.
MCA – 503 Fundamentals of Computer Algorithm
UNIT – I
Introduction: Definition, How to Analyze Algorithms,
Elementary Data Structures-Stacks and Queues, Trees, Heaps and Heap Sort, Sets
and Disjoint Set Union Graphs, Hashing.
UNIT – II
Divide and Conquer: The General Method, Merge Sort, Quick
Sort, Finding the Maximum and Minimum, Selection sort.
The Greedy Method: The General Method Knapsack Problem,
Job Sequencing With Deadlines, Minimum Spanning Trees, Single Source Shortest
Paths.
UNIT – III
Dynamic Programming: The General Method Multistage
Graphs, All Pairs Shortest Paths, Optimal Binary Search Trees, 0/1 Knapsack,
Reliability Design, Traveling Salesperson Problem, Flow Shop Scheduling.
Basic Search and Traversal Techniques: The Techniques
Code Optimization and/or Graphs, Game Trees, Bi-Connected Components And Depth
First Search.
UNIT – IV
Back Tracking: The General Method, The 8 Queens Problem,
Sum Of Subsets, Graph Coloring, Hamiltonian Cycles.
NP Hard And NP Complete Problems- Basic Concepts , Cooks
Theorem NP Hard Graph Problems , NP Hard Scheduling Problems , NP Hard Code
Generation Problems.
Electives
MCA - E01 Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems
UNIT – I
Overview Of A.I.: Definition Of AI, The Importance Of AI,
Previous Works In The History Of AI, AI And Related Fields, Problems, Problem
Spaces And Search. Knowledge: General Concepts –Definition and Importance of
Knowledge, Knowledge-Based Systems, Representation Of Knowledge, Knowledge
Organization, Knowledge Manipulation, Acquisition Of Knowledge.
UNIT – II
Formalized Symbolic Logics – Syntax And Semantics For
Propositional Logic, Properties of Wffs, Conversion To Clausal Form, Inference
Rules, Resolution. Dealing With Inconsistencies - Truth Maintenance Systems,
Symbolic Reasoning under Uncertainty, Statistical Reasoning. Structural
Knowledge – Graph, Frames and Related Structures.
UNIT – III
Natural Language Processing: Overview of Linguistics,
Grammer and Languages, Syntactic Processing, Semantic Analysis, Morphological,
Discourse and Pragmatic Processing, Natural Language Generation, Natural
Language Systems.
UNIT – IV
Pattern Recognition: Introduction, Recognition and
Classification Process, Learning Classification Pattern, Recognizing and
Understanding Speech. Expert Systems: Definition, Rule Based System
Architecture, Non-Production System Architecture, Basic Components of E.S.
MCA - E02 Software Quality & Testing
UNIT – I
Software and Quality Concept: Objectives, overview,
Software perspective, Software Quality, Software Quality Assurance, Software
Quality models, Software Quality measurement and metrics.
Assuring Software Quality Assurance (SQA): Objectives,
goals, responsibilities, life cycle, SQA planning, SQA monitoring and
controlling, testing, setting standards and procedures, Developing and
controlling relevant metrics, SQA activities- revision, process evaluation,
software standards.
UNIT – II
Software Quality Meterics: Objectives, Software metrics,
Software Quality metrics framework, Software Quality metrics features, Development
of software quality metrics- SATC’s approach, Kitchenham’s approach, Abreu’s
approach, Victor’s approach, Selection of Software Quality metrics- Size
related metrics, complexity metrics, Halstead metrics, quality metrics.
Software Quality Models: Objectives, Hierarchical model-
factor-criteria-metrics model, McCall’s model, Boehm model, ISO 9126 model,
Dromey’s Quality model, Non-hierarchical model-Bayesian belief networks, star
model, capability maturity models.
UNIT – III
Software Testing: Introduction, Definition (testing,
fault, error, failure, bug, mistake), test oracle, test case, Process,
Limitations of Testing.
Functional Testing: Boundary Value Analysis- Introduction
& Definition, Generalising, limitations, Robustness testing, Worst case
testing, Test cases.
Equivalence Class Testing - Introduction &
Definition, Weak normal, strong normal, Weak robust, Strong robust, Test cases.
Decision Table Based Testing- Introduction &
Definition, technique, test cases.
UNIT – IV
Structural Testing: Path testing - Introduction &
definition, DD-path, Test coverage metrics, McCabe’s basis path method, its
observations and complexity.
Data Flow Testing: Definition, data flow graphs, data
flow model, Data flow testing strategies.
Levels of Testing: Traditional view of testing levels,
Integration Testing (Decomposition based integration), Unit Testing, System
Testing.
Metrics and Complexity: Metrics definition, objectives,
Linguistic Metrics: definition, LOC, Statement counts, Related metrics, Halstead’s
Metrics, Token count. Structural Metrics -Definition, Cyclomatic complexity,
Hybrid Metrics.
MCA - E03 Automata Theory & Compiler Design
UNIT – I
Finite Automata and Regular Expression: Finite State
System, Basic Definition, Deterministic and Non-Deterministic Finite Automata
(Only Definition), Finite Automata With Output, Regular Expression.
Turing Machines: Definition Of Various Version Of Touring
Machines, Deterministic, Non-Deterministic, Two-Way, Infinite Tape, Multi Tape,
Multi Head, Statements Of Their Equivalence (Without Proof), Construction Of
Turing Machines (Any Model) For Log N; N! , N2;
UNIT – II
Context Free Grammars: Context Free Grammars, Derivation
Trees, Simplification of Context-Free Grammars, Chomsky Normal Form, Greibach
Normal Form.
Properties Of Context -Free Languages : The Pumping Leema
For CFL’S Closure Properties Of CFL’S , Decision Algorithms For CFL’S.
UNIT – III
Introduction To Compiling: Compilers, Analysis Of Source
Program, The Phases Of A Compiler, One Pass Compiler, Overview, Syntax
Definition, Syntax-Directed Translation, Parsing, Lexical Analysis, Role of The
Lexical Analyzer.
Syntax Analysis, The Role Of Parser, Context Free
Grammars, Writing A Grammer, Top-Down Parsing (Recursive-Descent Parsing,
Predictive Parsing, Transition Diagram For Predictive Parsing,
UNIT – IV
Non Recursive Predictive Parsing, First And Follow, Ll(1)
Grammers, Error Recovery In Predictive, Parsing .
Bottom-Up Parsing: Handles, Handle Pruning, Stack
Implementation In Shift Reduce Parsing, Conflicts In Shift Reducing Parsing,
LR-Parsers, LR Algorithm, LR Grammars, Constructing SLR Parsing Tables, Using
Ambiguous Grammars, Error Recovery In LR Parsing.
MCA - E04 Cyber Law
UNIT – I
Cyber Law: Introduction, Definition, nature & Scope
of Cyber Laws. Sociolegal Implications of Computer Science, Cyber Laws.
Cyber Crimes: Definition & Kinds of Cyber Crimes.
International and Foreign Developments. Common Cyber Offences: Pheakering,
Internet Frauds, Hackers, Stalking, E-Mail, Security Invasion, Money
Laundering, Data-Diddling, Theft of Information.
UNIT – II
Contractual Aspects: Hardware Contracts: User Requirement
Specification, Negotiation, Sales & Leases, Delivery & Payment,
Seller’s Obligations, Buyer’s Remedies. Software Contract: Selecting Software,
Types of Software, What is Software, Software License, Principal Commercial
Terms, Warranties, Software Maintenance.
Liability: Contractual Liability, Strict Liability,
Negligence, Criminal.
Miscellaneous (Briefly); Copyright & Patent
Protection, Evidence, Protecting Confidential Information.
UNIT – III
The Information Technology Act, 2000:
Introduction: Definition, A Brief Summary of the Act.
Digital Signature & Electronic Governance (Sections 3
to 10)
Secure Electronic Records & Secure Digital Signatures
(Sections 14 to 16).
UNIT – IV
Regulation of Certifying Authorities (Sections 17 to 34).
Digital Signature Certificates (Sections 35 to 39).
Duties of Subscribers (Sections 40 to 42).
Penalties, Adjudication Offences (Sections 45 to 47 &
Sections 65 to 78).
Cyber Regulations Appellate Tribunal (Sections 48 to 64).
MCA - E05 Distributed Data Base Management System
UNIT – I
Distributed Data Processing: Introduction, Fundamentals
of Distributed Data Base Management System (Transparent management of
distributed & replicated data, Reliability, Improved performance, System
expansion), Disadvantages of Distributed Data Base Management System
(Complexity, Cost, Distribution of control, Security, Distributed database
design, Query processing, Directory Mgmt, concurrency control, Deadlock Mgmt,
Reliability, OS support, Heterogeneous databases, Relationship).
Relational Data Base Management System: Basic Concepts,
Data Modeling for a Database, Records and Files, Abstraction and Data
Integration, The Three-Level Architecture Proposal for DBMS, Components of a
DBMS, Advantages and Disadvantages of a DBMS. Data Models, Data Associations,
Data Models Classification, Entity Relationship Model, Relational Data Model.
Normalization: Dependency structures, Normal forms.
UNIT – II
Distributed Data Base Management System Architecture:
Architectural models for distributed DBMS (Autonomy, Distribution,
Heterogeneity, Architectural alternatives), Client/server systems, Peer-to-peer
Distributed Systems.
Distributed Database Design: Design Strategies (Top-Down
Design & Bottom-Up design process), Design issues (reasons for
fragmentation, alternatives, Degree & Correctness rules of fragmentation,
Allocation alternatives, Information requirement. Fragmentation: Horizontal,
Vertical, Hybrid Fragmentation. Allocation: Problem, Information requirement,
Allocation model, Solution methods.
UNIT – III
Query Processing: Problem, objectives, Complexity of
Relational Algebra operations, Characterization of query processing (Language,
Types of Optimization, Optimization timing, Statistics, Decision sites,
Exploitation of network topology & Replicated fragments, Use of semijoins),
Layers of Query processing (Query decomposition, Data localization, Global
& Local query optimizations).
Distributed Concurrency Control: Serializability theory,
Taxonomy of concurrency control mechanism, Locking based concurrency control
algorithm (centralized 2pl, primary copy 2pl, distributed 2pl), Timestamp based
concurrency control algorithm (conservative & multiversion TO algorithm),
Optimistic concurrency control algorithm, Deadlock management, prevention,
avoidance, detection & resolution.
UNIT – IV
Distributed DBMS Reliability: Reliability concepts &
measures (system, state & failures, reliability & availability, mean
time between failures/repair), Failures & fault tolerance in distributed
system (reason for failures, fault tolerance approaches & techniques),
Failures in Distributed DBMS (transaction, system, media & communication
failure), Local reliability protocols (architectural considerations, recovery,
information execution of LRM commands, checkpointing, handling media failure),
Distributed Reliability Protocols (Components, Two-Phase commit protocol,
Variation of 2PC).
MCA - E06 Management of Software Projects
UNIT – I
Introduction to Software Project Management: The Nature
of Software Production, Key Objectives of Effective Management, Quality,
Productivity, Risk Reduction, The Role of the Software Project Manager
Planning the Project: Business Planning, Determining
Objectives, Forecasting demand for the Product, Proposal Writing, Requirements
analysis, Legal issues (patent, copyright, liability, warranty).
UNIT – II
Technical Planning: Life-cycle models, Types of Plans,
Plan documentation methods, Work breakdown structures, PERT and CPM, Gantt
Charts, Standards
Planning for Risk Management and Control, Entry and Exit
criteria, Intermediate checkpoints, Performance prediction and analysis People,
Prototyping and modeling, Inspections and reviews, Process and process
assessment, Development Methods, Metrics, Configuration management, Testing and
quality assurance, Capacity Planning
UNIT – III
Estimating – what it takes to do the job, Cost (direct
and indirect), Resources, Time, Size and complexity of the product, Risk
determination, Role of requirements and design in estimating, Financial
planning – budgeting, Resource Allocation, Organizational considerations,
(teams, hierarchies, etc.), Technology, Human factors and usability, Tools and
environments, Transition of the Product to the user.
UNIT – IV
Managing the Project: Managing the Task, Project Control,
Managing to the Plan, Reviews, Feedback and Reporting Mechanisms, Configuration
Management, Quality Control and Quality Assurance, Managing Change, Readjusting
Goals and Milestones, Risk Management, Testing Phases, Formalized Support
Activities, Managing the Team, Team Organizations, Recruiting and Staffing –
picking the right people, Technical leadership, Avoiding obsolescence –
training, etc.) Managing the Context, Communication Skill, Decision Theory,
Business Management, Assessing the Organization’s ability to perform the
process, Probability and Statistics, Managing Product Support and Maintenance.
MCA – E07 Open Source Software
UNIT – I
Introduction: Definition of Open Source Software(OSS),
Definition of free software, Examples of OSS, Need of OSS, OSS characteristics,
future of OSS, History of Software.
OSS adoption: Analytical Framework-Disruptive
innovations, technology adoption curve, Open source stack, OSS adoption,
adoption of specific open source technologies, Usages of OSS, Benefits of OSS,
Limitations of OSS, Problems encountered by OSS.
OSS licences: Definition, Need and objectives of OSS
licences, Types-GPL, Mozilla Public Licence, BSD Licence.
UNIT – II
OSS opportunities: Creating Open Source Lab,
Infrastructure requirement of Samba and Open LDAP7, building LAMP applications,
OSS utilization in small businesses, franchise, call centres, retail, food
services, government, healthcare, education.
Migrate applications and databases to open source,
directory services, email, groupware and collaboration, complex web publishing,
manage user desktops.
UNIT – III
OSS operating system: Free BSD-Definition,
Characteristics, Linux-Definition, Characteristics, shell, security, Benefits
of OSS operating system.
OSS server applications: Infrastructure services- file
and print services, directory services, Apache web server, Database servers-
classes of database servers, Analysis of database system sizes, OSS database
server examples, Evaluation of OSS database server, OSS database sever Vs.
Closed code database server, Mail servers.
UNIT – IV
OSS desktop applications: Introduction, Linux desktop
share, Limitation of Linux desktop adoption, Graphical desktop, Web browser, OS
office suite- Introduction to openoffice.org, Comparison of Microsoft office to
Open Office, Migration from Microsoft Office to Open Office, Mail and calendar
clients- Professional applications, Drawing and image management, Running
windows applications.
OSS development: Methodology- OS compared with Closed
Code, OS compared with corporate development, OS development tools.
MCA – E08 Image Processing
UNIT – I
Image Digital Representation, Elements of Visual
Perception Sampling and Quantitization, Image Processing System Elements.
Fourier Transforms, Extension To 2D, DCT, Walsh, Hadamard
Transforms.
UNIT – II
Enhancement And Segmentation: Histogram Modification,
Smoothing, Sharpening, Thresholding, Edge Detection, Segmentation, Point And
Region Dependent Techniques.
UNIT – III
Image Encoding: Fidelity Criteria. Transform Compression.
K.L., Fourier, DCT, Spatial Compression, Run Length Coding, Huffman and Cantour
Coding.
UNIT – IV
Restoration: Models, Inverse Filtering Least Squares
Filtering, Recursive Filtering.
MCA – E09 Distributed Systems
UNIT – I
Introduction and Architectures: Definition of a
Distributed System, Goals and Types of distributed systems, Architecture
Styles, System Architectures, Middleware, Self-management in Distributed
Systems with examples of Astrolabe, Globule and Jade.
Processes: Threads, Virtualization, Clients, Servers and
Code Migration
UNIT – II
Communication: Remote Procedure Call, Message-Oriented,
Stream Oriented and Multicast Communication
Naming: Names, Identifiers and Addresses, Flat naming,
Structured Naming and Attribute-Based Naming.
UNIT – III
Synchronization: Clock Synchronization, Logical Clocks:
Lamport’s Logical Clocks and Vector Clocks, General Introduction to the
Concepts of Replication and Fault Tolerance
Distributed File Systems: Client-Server Architecture in
NFS, Cluster-based Architecture in Google, Symmetric Architectures, RPC in NFS.
UNIT – IV
Distributed Web-Based Systems: Architecture, Processes
i.e. clients, Apache Web Server and Web Server Clusters, Communication i.e.
HTTP and Simple Object Access Protocol, Web Proxy Caching.
Case studies of Mach, Chorus and Amoeba distributed
operating systems
MCA – E10 Object Oriented Software Engineering
UNIT – I
Introduction to Software Engineering: Software
Engineering Development, Software Engineering Development, Software Life Cycle
Models, Standards for developing life cycle models.
UNIT – II
Object Methodology & Requirement Elicitation:
Introduction to Object Oriented Methodology, Overview of Requirements
Elicitation, Requirements Model-Action & Use cases, Requirements
Elicitation Activities, Managing Requirements Elicitation
UNIT – III
Architecture: Model Architecture, Requirements Model,
Analysis Model, Design Model, Implementation Model, Test Model
Modeling with UML: Basic Building Blocks of UML, A
Conceptual Model of UML, Basic Structural Modeling, UML Diagrams
System Analysis: Analysis Model, Dynamic Modelling &
Testing
UNIT – IV
System Design: Design concepts & activities, Design
models, Block design, Testing
Testing Object Oriented Systems: Introduction, Testing
Activities & Techniques, The Testing Process, Managing Testing
Case Studies
MCA – E11 Simulation and Modeling
UNIT – I
Definition of System, types of system : continuous and
discrete, modelling process and definition of a model, computer workloads and
preparation of its models
UNIT – II
Verification and validation modeling procedures,
comparing model data with real system data, differential and partial
differential equation models, combining discrete event and continuous models.
UNIT – III
Simulation process: Use of simulation, discrete and
continuous simulation procedures, simulation of time sharing computer system
UNIT – IV
Simulation Languages: A brief introduction to important
discrete and continuous simulation languages, one language may be studied in
detail depending on the availability.